Drush es un shell de línea de comandos y se puede utilizar como interfaz de scripting para Drupal. Drush proporciona una serie de funciones que le permiten ejecutar varios comandos y código para interactuar con temas, módulos y perfiles. ¡Incluso puedes usar Drush para descargar e instalar Drupal!
Los usuarios también pueden encontrar Drush útil para realizar ciertas tareas administrativas, que es más eficiente que usar el panel de control de Drupal en su navegador web. Con este servicio puede ejecutar un update.php, ejecutar migraciones de bases de datos y consultas SQL.
Este tutorial lo guiará a través del proceso de instalación de Drush para Drupal en CentOS 7. Se asume que conoce los conceptos básicos del uso de Linux, aloja sus sitios web en un VPS personal y comprende cómo usar el Shell.
En este caso, su sitio web debería ejecutarse en la cuenta raíz. Si no es así, deberá incluir el texto “sudo” cuando ejecute sus comandos para disfrutar de los privilegios de usar una cuenta de root.
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Paso 1: instala Drush
Comience descargando e instalando el software de comando Drush. Esto se puede hacer de varias formas, como se describe a continuación.
Utilice el administrador de paquetes.
Si está usando Linux, puede instalar Drush usando el administrador de paquetes que es parte del sistema operativo. El administrador de paquetes del sistema operativo también se puede utilizar para instalar una versión anterior de este software.
Para CentOS, ejecute el siguiente comando:
$ sudo yum install drush
Usando Composer
También puedes usar Composer para instalar Drush. Ejecute el siguiente comando:
$ composer global require drush/drush:6.*
Debe asegurarse de que el directorio binario de su compositor esté incluido en la ruta de su sistema:
$ sed -i '1i export PATH="$HOME/.composer/vendor/bin:$PATH"' $HOME/.bashrc
Instalación manual
Drush también se puede descargar manualmente e instalar en su sistema. Sin embargo, primero debe instalar Composer antes de instalar Drush. Ejecute el siguiente comando para iniciar el proceso:
# Cree un directorio bin para su cuenta de usuario y agréguelo a la ruta del sistema
$ mkdir $HOME/bin echo "PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc
# Descargue y extraiga el software Drush
wget -O $HOME/bin/drush.zip https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/archive/master.zip unzip -d $HOME/bin $HOME/bin/drush.zip
# Instale las dependencias de Drush con Composer (asumiendo que `composer` está en la RUTA del sistema)
cd $HOME/bin/drush-master composer install
# Crea un enlace simbólico
ln -s $HOME/bin/drush-master/drush $HOME/bin/drush
Paso 2: inicie Drush
Una vez que haya descargado e instalado con éxito el software Drush en su sistema, abra su consola o aplicación de terminal e ingrese drush luego presione la tecla “Enter”. Debería tener una salida como esta:
Execute a drush command. Run `drush help [command]` to view command-specific help. Run `drush topic` to read even more documentation.
Global options (see `drush topic core-global-options` for the full list):
-d, --debug Display even more information, including internal messages.
-h, --help This help system.
-n, --no Assume 'no' as answer to all prompts.
-r <path>, --root=<path> Drupal root directory to use (default: current directory).
-s, --simulate Simulate all relevant actions (don't actually change the system).
-l <http://example.com:8888>, URI of the drupal site to use (only needed in multisite environments or when running on an alternate port).
--uri=<http://example.com:8888>
-v, --verbose Display extra information about the command.
-y, --yes Assume 'yes' as answer to all prompts.
Core drush commands: (core)
archive-dump (ard, Backup your code, files, and database into a single file.
archive-backup, arb)
archive-restore Expand a site archive into a Drupal web site.
(arr)
cache-clear (cc) Clear a specific cache, or all drupal caches.
cache-get (cg) Fetch a cached object and display it.
cache-set (cs) Cache an object expressed in JSON or var_export() format.
core-config (conf, Edit drushrc, site alias, and Drupal settings.php files.
config)
core-cron (cron) Run all cron hooks in all active modules for specified site.
core-execute (exec, Execute a shell command. Usually used with a site alias.
execute)
core-quick-drupal Download, install, serve and login to Drupal with minimal configuration and dependencies.
(qd)
core-requirements Provides information about things that may be wrong in your Drupal installation, if any.
(status-report, rq)
core-rsync (rsync) Rsync the Drupal tree to/from another server using ssh.
core-status (status, Provides a birds-eye view of the current Drupal installation, if any.
st)
core-topic (topic) Read detailed documentation on a given topic.
drupal-directory Return path to a given module/theme directory.
(dd)
help Print this help message. See `drush help help` for more options.
image-flush Flush all derived images for a given style.
php-eval (eval, ev) Evaluate arbitrary php code after bootstrapping Drupal (if available).
php-script (scr) Run php script(s).
queue-list Returns a list of all defined queues
queue-run Run a specific queue by name
search-index Index the remaining search items without wiping the index.
search-reindex Force the search index to be rebuilt.
search-status Show how many items remain to be indexed out of the total.
shell-alias (sha) Print all known shell alias records.
site-alias (sa) Print site alias records for all known site aliases and local sites.
site-install (si) Install Drupal along with modules/themes/configuration using the specified install profile.
site-set (use) Set a site alias to work on that will persist for the current session.
site-ssh (ssh) Connect to a Drupal site's server via SSH for an interactive session or to run a shell command
test-clean Clean temporary tables and files.
test-run Run tests. Note that you must use the --uri option.
updatedb (updb) Apply any database updates required (as with running update.php).
updatedb-status List any pending database updates.
(updbst)
usage-send (usend) Send anonymous Drush usage information to statistics logging site. Usage statistics contain the Drush command name and the Drush option
names, but no arguments or option values.
usage-show (ushow) Show Drush usage information that has been logged but not sent. Usage statistics contain the Drush command name and the Drush option names,
but no arguments or option values.
variable-delete Delete a variable.
(vdel)
variable-get (vget) Get a list of some or all site variables and values.
variable-set (vset) Set a variable.
version Show drush version.
watchdog-delete Delete watchdog messages.
(wd-del, wd-delete)
watchdog-list Show available message types and severity levels. A prompt will ask for a choice to show watchdog messages.
(wd-list)
watchdog-show Show watchdog messages.
(wd-show, ws)
Runserver commands: (runserver)
runserver (rs) Runs a lightweight built in http server for development.
Field commands: (field)
field-clone Clone a field and all its instances.
field-create Create fields and instances. Returns urls for field editing.
field-delete Delete a field and its instances.
field-info View information about fields, field_types, and widgets.
field-update Return URL for field editing web page.
Project manager commands: (pm)
pm-disable (dis) Disable one or more extensions (modules or themes).
pm-download (dl) Download projects from drupal.org or other sources.
pm-enable (en) Enable one or more extensions (modules or themes).
pm-info (pmi) Show detailed info for one or more extensions (modules or themes).
pm-list (pml) Show a list of available extensions (modules and themes).
pm-refresh (rf) Refresh update status information.
pm-releasenotes Print release notes for given projects.
(rln)
pm-releases (rl) Print release information for given projects.
pm-uninstall Uninstall one or more modules.
pm-update (up) Update Drupal core and contrib projects and apply any pending database updates (Same as pm-updatecode + updatedb).
pm-updatecode (upc) Update Drupal core and contrib projects to latest recommended releases.
pm-updatestatus Show a report of available minor updates to Drupal core and contrib projects.
(ups)
Role commands: (role)
role-add-perm (rap) Grant a specified permission to a role.
role-create (rcrt) Create a new role.
role-delete (rdel) Delete a role.
role-list (rls) Display a list of all roles defined on the system. If a role name is provided as an argument, then all of the permissions of that role will
be listed. If a permission name is provided as an option, then all of the roles that have been granted that permission will be listed.
role-remove-perm Remove a specified permission from a role.
(rmp)
SQL commands: (sql)
sql-cli (sqlc) Open a SQL command-line interface using Drupal's credentials.
sql-connect A string for connecting to the DB.
sql-create Create a database.
sql-drop Drop all tables in a given database.
sql-dump Exports the Drupal DB as SQL using mysqldump or equivalent.
sql-query (sqlq) Execute a query against the site database.
sql-sync Copy and import source database to target database. Transfers via rsync.
User commands: (user)
user-add-role (urol) Add a role to the specified user accounts.
user-block (ublk) Block the specified user(s).
user-cancel (ucan) Cancel a user account with the specified name.
user-create (ucrt) Create a user account with the specified name.
user-information Print information about the specified user(s).
(uinf)
user-login (uli) Display a one time login link for the given user account (defaults to uid 1).
user-password (upwd) (Re)Set the password for the user account with the specified name.
user-remove-role Remove a role from the specified user accounts.
(urrol)
user-unblock (uublk) Unblock the specified user(s).
Other commands: (make,sar)
make Turns a makefile into a working Drupal codebase.
make-generate Generate a makefile from the current Drupal site.
(generate-makefile)
search-and-replace Replace strings in text fields in all content.
(sar)
Conclusión
A partir de la salida anterior, queda claro que Drush se puede instalar de varias formas diferentes. Ahora puede repetir convenientemente el mismo proceso para su sistema e instalar Drush para Drupal en un servidor CentOS 7. ¡Intentalo!
